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The Knuth–Plass algorithm is a line-breaking algorithm designed for use in Donald Knuth's typesetting program TeX.It integrates the problems of text justification and hyphenation into a single algorithm by using a discrete dynamic programming method to minimize a loss function that attempts to quantify the aesthetic qualities desired in the finished output.
Penalties are added if a breakpoint is particularly undesirable: for example, if a word must be hyphenated, if two lines in a row are hyphenated, or if a very loose line is immediately followed by a very tight line. The algorithm will then find the breakpoints that will minimize the sum of squares of the badness (including penalties) of the ...
For the most typical case, a string of bits, this is the number of 1's in the string, or the digit sum of the binary representation of a given number and the ℓ₁ norm of a bit vector. In this binary case, it is also called the population count, [1] popcount, sideways sum, [2] or bit summation. [3]
In information theory, the Hamming distance between two strings or vectors of equal length is the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols are different. In other words, it measures the minimum number of substitutions required to change one string into the other, or equivalently, the minimum number of errors that could have transformed one string into the other.
Manchester United forward Amad Diallo has signed a contract extension with the Premier League club until 2030. Diallo, who scored a late equalizer in a 2-2 draw with league leader Liverpool on ...
The sum = converges to 2. It was entered as <math display= "block" > \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i} </math> Technically, the command \displaystyle will be added to the user input (if the user input does not already contain the string \displaystyle or \align) before the TeX command is passed to the renderer. The result will be displayed in a new ...
Downing Street and the Foreign Office are preparing to offer the incoming U.S. president an invitation once he is back in the White House, the report said, without citing specific sourcing. The ...
In today's puzzle, there are eight theme words to find (including the spangram). Hint: The first one can be found in the bottom-half of the board. Here are the first two letters for each word: FI ...