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The quality the codec can achieve is heavily based on the compression format the codec uses. A codec is not a format, and there may be multiple codecs that implement the same compression specification – for example, MPEG-1 codecs typically do not achieve quality/size ratio comparable to codecs that implement the more modern H.264 specification.
MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) Lossy or lossless: 2004-08 Patent encumbered [57] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [III] Yes Yes [58] Yes AV1: Lossy or lossless: 2018-03 Patent claims Beta [59] Yes No No No No Planned No VP9: Lossy or lossless: 2013-06 Patent claims Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No VP8: Lossy or lossless: 2008-09 Patent claims Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No ...
AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) is an open, royalty-free video coding format initially designed for video transmissions over the Internet. It was developed as a successor to VP9 by the Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia), [2] a consortium founded in 2015 that includes semiconductor firms, video on demand providers, video content producers, software development companies and web browser vendors.
H.264 can often perform radically better than MPEG-2 video—typically obtaining the same quality at half of the bit rate or less, especially on high bit rate and high resolution video content. [49] Like other ISO/IEC MPEG video standards, H.264/AVC has a reference software implementation that can be freely downloaded. [50]
The H.264 specification calls H.261, H.262, H.263, and H.264 video coding standards and does not contain the word codec. [2] The Alliance for Open Media clearly distinguishes between the AV1 video coding format and the accompanying codec they are developing, but calls the video coding format itself a video codec specification. [3]
AV1 is a free modern video format developed by the Alliance for Open Media (AOM). It delivers high quality video at lower bitrates than H.264 or even H.265/HEVC. Unlike HEVC, it can be streamed in common web browsers. It is being adopted by YouTube and Netflix, amongst others. As of 2023, a few encoders use AV1.
In a subjective quality comparison conducted in 2014 featuring the reference encoders for HEVC (HM 15.0), MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 (JM 18.6), and VP9 (libvpx 1.2.0 with preliminary VP9 support), VP9, like H.264, required about two times the bitrate to reach video quality comparable to HEVC, while with synthetic imagery VP9 was close to HEVC. [36]
AV1 is specifically designed for real-time applications and for higher resolutions than typical usage scenarios of the current generation (H.264) of video formats. [31] In 2019, Sisvel International formed a patent pool for selling licenses to intellectual property it anticipates will be necessary to comply with the AV1 standard. AOMedia said ...