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  2. Statistical assumption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_assumption

    Model-based assumptions. These include the following three types: Distributional assumptions. Where a statistical model involves terms relating to random errors, assumptions may be made about the probability distribution of these errors. [5] In some cases, the distributional assumption relates to the observations themselves. Structural assumptions.

  3. Anscombe's quartet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anscombe's_quartet

    The four datasets composing Anscombe's quartet. All four sets have identical statistical parameters, but the graphs show them to be considerably different. Anscombe's quartet comprises four datasets that have nearly identical simple descriptive statistics, yet have very different distributions and appear very different when graphed.

  4. Analysis of covariance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_covariance

    In this equation, the DV, is the jth observation under the ith categorical group; the CV, is the jth observation of the covariate under the ith group. Variables in the model that are derived from the observed data are μ {\displaystyle \mu } (the grand mean) and x ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {x}}} (the global mean for covariate x ...

  5. Statistical inference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_inference

    Statistical inference makes propositions about a population, using data drawn from the population with some form of sampling.Given a hypothesis about a population, for which we wish to draw inferences, statistical inference consists of (first) selecting a statistical model of the process that generates the data and (second) deducing propositions from the model.

  6. Hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis

    A trial solution to a problem is commonly referred to as a hypothesis—or, often, as an "educated guess" [14] [2] —because it provides a suggested outcome based on the evidence. However, some scientists reject the term "educated guess" as incorrect. Experimenters may test and reject several hypotheses before solving the problem.

  7. Mathematical proof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_proof

    Modern proof theory treats proofs as inductively defined data structures, not requiring an assumption that axioms are "true" in any sense. This allows parallel mathematical theories as formal models of a given intuitive concept, based on alternate sets of axioms, for example axiomatic set theory and non-Euclidean geometry.

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