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  2. T-cell receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-cell_receptor

    The ability of T cells to ignore healthy cells but respond when these same cells express a small number of foreign pMHCs is known as antigen discrimination. [20] [21] To do so, T cells have a very high degree of antigen specificity, despite the fact that the affinity to the peptide/MHC ligand is rather low in comparison to other receptor types ...

  3. Co-stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-stimulation

    Activation of T cells without co-stimulation may lead to the unresponsiveness of the T cell (also called anergy), apoptosis or the acquisition of the immune tolerance. [ 3 ] The counterpart of the co-stimulatory signal is a (co-)inhibitory signal, where inhibitory molecules interact with different signaling pathways in order to arrest T cell ...

  4. T cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell

    T cells are one of the important types of white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on their cell surface. T cells are born from hematopoietic stem cells, [1] found in the bone marrow.

  5. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoreceptor_tyrosine...

    Other non-catalytic tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors carry a conserved inhibitory motif that, when phosphorylated, results in the inhibition of the signaling pathway via recruitment of phosphatases, namely SHP-1, SHP-2 and SHIP1. This serves not only for inhibition and regulation of signalling pathways related to ITAM-based signalling, but ...

  6. Linker for activation of T cells - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linker_for_activation_of_T...

    The Linker for activation of T cells, also known as linker of activated T cells or LAT, is a protein involved in the T-cell antigen receptor signal transduction pathway which in humans is encoded by the LAT gene. [5] Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [6]

  7. PTPRC - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTPRC

    PTPRC is a critical enzyme involved in regulating immune cell function. PTPRC is a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase expressed on the surface of all nucleated hematopoietic cells, particularly lymphocytes. It plays a key role in the activation and differentiation of T cells, B cells, and other immune cells by modulating signaling pathways.

  8. CD28 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD28

    CD28 (Cluster of Differentiation 28) is a protein expressed on T cells that provides essential co-stimulatory signals required for T cell activation and survival. When T cells are stimulated through CD28 in conjunction with the T-cell receptor (), it enhances the production of various interleukins, particularly IL-6.

  9. Cell signaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_signaling

    Cell signaling research involves studying the spatial and temporal dynamics of both receptors and the components of signaling pathways that are activated by receptors in various cell types. [56] [57] Emerging methods for single-cell mass-spectrometry analysis promise to enable studying signal transduction with single-cell resolution. [58]