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The human sperm cell is haploid, so that its 23 chromosomes can join the 23 chromosomes of the female egg to form a diploid cell with 46 paired chromosomes. In mammals, sperm is stored in the epididymis and released through the penis in semen during ejaculation. The word sperm is derived from the Greek word σπέρμα, sperma, meaning "seed".
Levels of estrogen that are too high can be detrimental to spermatogenesis due to suppression of gonadotropin secretion and by extension intratesticular testosterone production. [35] The connection between spermatogenesis and prolactin levels appears to be moderate, with optimal prolactin levels reflecting efficient sperm production. [28] [36]
I did the diagram myself based on the one found on the book "Gray's anatomy" 36th edition, Williams & Warwick, 1980; and a diagram found of the review "Formation and organization of the mammalian sperm head" from Kiyotaka Toshimori and Chizuro Ito. (Chiba, Japan). Author: Mariana Ruiz Villarreal: Permission (Reusing this file)
Sperm Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis , during which the spermatids develop into mature spermatozoa . At the beginning of the stage, the spermatid is a more or less circular cell containing a nucleus , Golgi apparatus , centriole and mitochondria ; by the end of the process, it has radically transformed into an elongated ...
Sperm cells that give rise to female (XX) offspring after fertilization differ in that they carry an X-chromosome, while sperm cells that give rise to male (XY) offspring carry a Y-chromosome. [3] A human sperm cell consists of a flat, disc shaped head 5.1 μm by 3.1 μm and a tail known as a flagellum 50 μm long. [4]
The immature spermatozoa or sperm are then sent to the epididymis, where they gain a tail, enabling motility. Each of the original diploid germ cells or primary spermatocytes forms four functional gametes, each forever young. [clarification needed] The production and survival of sperms require a temperature below the normal core body ...
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Only 1 in 14 million of the ejaculated sperm will reach the fallopian tube. The egg simultaneously moves through the fallopian tube away from the ovary. One of the sperm encounters, penetrates and fertilizes the ovum, creating a zygote. Upon fertilization and implantation, gestation of the fetus then occurs within the uterus. [11] [12] [13] [14]