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  2. Tonsure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsure

    Roman tonsure (Catholicism) Tonsure (/ ˈ t ɒ n ʃ ər /) is the practice of cutting or shaving some or all of the hair on the scalp as a sign of religious devotion or humility.. The term originates from the Latin word tonsura (meaning "clipping" or "shearing" [1]) and referred to a specific practice in medieval Catholicism, abandoned by papal order in 19

  3. Synod of Whitby - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_Whitby

    The Synod of Whitby was a Christian administrative gathering held in Northumbria in 664, wherein King Oswiu ruled that his kingdom would calculate Easter and observe the monastic tonsure according to the customs of Rome rather than the customs practised by Irish monks at Iona and its satellite institutions.

  4. Hieromonk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieromonk

    A hieromonk can be either a monk who has been ordained to the priesthood or a priest who has received monastic tonsure. When a married priest's wife dies, it is not uncommon for him to become a monk, since the Church forbids clergy to enter into a second marriage after ordination.

  5. Celtic Rite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_Rite

    Portrait of St John from The Book of Mulling. The term "Celtic Rite" is applied [1] to the various liturgical rites used in Celtic Christianity in Britain, Ireland and Brittany and the monasteries founded by St. Columbanus and Saint Catald in France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy during the Early Middle Ages.

  6. Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_Eastern...

    The degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism are the stages an Eastern Orthodox monk or nun passes through in their religious vocation.. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the process of becoming a monk or nun is intentionally slow, as the monastic vows taken are considered to entail a lifelong commitment to God, and are not to be entered into lightly.

  7. Monasticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monasticism

    Monasticism (from Ancient Greek μοναχός (monakhós) 'solitary, monastic'; from μόνος (mónos) 'alone'), also called monachism or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work.

  8. Burchard of Bellevaux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burchard_of_Bellevaux

    Burchard of Bellevaux (c. 1100-1165) was a Cistercian monk and author who was known for his work Apologia de barbis (A Defense of Beards).A student of the Cistercian reformer Bernard of Clairvaux, in 1136, he became abbot of the monastery of Balerne [], a Benedictine monastery that adopted the Cistercian reforms. [1]

  9. Synods of Aachen (816–819) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synods_of_Aachen_(816–819)

    The Synods of Aachen between 816 and 819 were a landmark in regulations for the monastic life in the Frankish realm.The Benedictine Rule was declared the universally valid norm for communities of monks and nuns, while canonical orders were distinguished from monastic communities and unique regulations were laid down for them: the Institutio canonicorum Aquisgranensis.