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Eirene or Irene (/ aɪ ˈ r iː n iː /; Ancient Greek: Εἰρήνη, Ëirene, [eːrɛ́ːnɛː], lit. "Peace"), [ 1 ] more commonly known in English as Peace , is one of the Horae , the personification and goddess of peace in Greek mythology and ancient religion .
In Greek mythology, Eirene (/ aɪ ˈ r iː n i /; Ancient Greek: Εἰρήνη, romanized: Eirḗnē, lit. 'Peace', Ancient Greek pronunciation: [eːrɛ̌ːnɛː]) or Irene, was a daughter of Poseidon and Melanthea, daughter of Alpheus. She gave her name to Eirene, a small island near the Peloponnese. [1]
Pax (Latin for Peace), more commonly known in English as Peace, was the Roman goddess of peace derived and adopted from the ancient Greek equivalent Eirene. [1] Pax was seen as the daughter of the Roman king god Jupiter and the goddess Justice .
For example, the reverse of a tetradrachm of Vespasian from Alexandria, 70-71 AD, shows Eirene standing holding a branch upward in her right hand. The Roman poet Virgil (70–19 BC) associated "the plump olive" [9] with the goddess Pax (the Roman Eirene [6]) and he used the olive branch as a symbol of peace in his Aeneid: [10]
The olive branch, which the Greeks believed represented plenty and drove away evil spirits, [4] was one of the attributes of Eirene, [5] the Greek goddess of peace. Eirene (whom the Romans called Pax), appeared on Roman Imperial coins [6] with an olive branch.
The same or a different goddess may have been a daughter of Hermes and Aphrodite. Eirene (Εἰρήνη. "Peace"; the Roman equivalent was Pax) was the personification of peace and wealth, and was depicted in art as a beautiful young woman carrying a cornucopia, scepter, and a torch or rhyton.
Irene (Ancient Greek: Ειρήνη, romanized: Eirḗnē), sometimes written Irini, is derived from εἰρήνη, the Greek word for "peace". [1] Eirene was the Greek goddess of peace. [2] Irene was also the name of an 8th-century Byzantine empress (Irene of Athens), as well as the name of several saints (see Saint Irene).
The Greek goddess Eirene, personification of peace, holds Plutos, the god of wealth, in her arms (Roman copy of a statue by Cephisodotus; Athens c. 370 BC. The idea of the Common Peace (Κοινὴ Εἰρήνη, Koinē Eirēnē) was one of the most influential concepts of 4th century BC Greek political thought, along with the idea of Panhellenism.