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In mathematics, the Kronecker product, sometimes denoted by ⊗, is an operation on two matrices of arbitrary size resulting in a block matrix.It is a specialization of the tensor product (which is denoted by the same symbol) from vectors to matrices and gives the matrix of the tensor product linear map with respect to a standard choice of basis.
The adjacency matrix of G × H is the Kronecker (tensor) product of the adjacency matrices of G and H. If a graph can be represented as a tensor product, then there may be multiple different representations (tensor products do not satisfy unique factorization) but each representation has the same number of irreducible factors.
The outer product of tensors is also referred to as their tensor product, and can be used to define the tensor algebra. The outer product contrasts with: The dot product (a special case of "inner product"), which takes a pair of coordinate vectors as input and produces a scalar; The Kronecker product, which takes a pair of matrices as input and ...
In mathematics, Kronecker coefficients g λ μν describe the decomposition of the tensor product (= Kronecker product) of two irreducible representations of a symmetric group into irreducible representations. They play an important role algebraic combinatorics and geometric complexity theory.
Multiplication of X by e i extracts the i-th column, while multiplication by B i puts it into the desired position in the final vector. Alternatively, the linear sum can be expressed using the Kronecker product : vec ( X ) = ∑ i = 1 n e i ⊗ X e i {\displaystyle \operatorname {vec} (\mathbf {X} )=\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathbf {e} _{i}\otimes ...
The tensor product of two vector spaces is a vector space that is defined up to an isomorphism.There are several equivalent ways to define it. Most consist of defining explicitly a vector space that is called a tensor product, and, generally, the equivalence proof results almost immediately from the basic properties of the vector spaces that are so defined.
The generalized Kronecker delta or multi-index Kronecker delta of order is a type (,) tensor that is completely antisymmetric in its upper indices, and also in its lower indices. Two definitions that differ by a factor of p ! {\displaystyle p!} are in use.
A dyadic tensor T is an order-2 tensor formed by the tensor product ⊗ of two Cartesian vectors a and b, written T = a ⊗ b.Analogous to vectors, it can be written as a linear combination of the tensor basis e x ⊗ e x ≡ e xx, e x ⊗ e y ≡ e xy, ..., e z ⊗ e z ≡ e zz (the right-hand side of each identity is only an abbreviation, nothing more):