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During Shacharit, two blessings are recited before the Shema and one after the Shema. [14] There is a question in Jewish law as to whether these blessings are on the Shema , or surrounding the Shema .
The evening Shema should be recited by now, and the Afikoman on Passover should be eaten by this time. The Talmud in Berachot rules that all "night" mitzvot should be performed by Chatzot, at least ab initio, in case the person would otherwise fall asleep and then fail to perform the mitzvot.
The first blessing recited following the Shema during Maariv Hashkiveinu: השכיבנו The second blessing recited following the Shema during Maariv Baruch Adonai L'Olam: ברוך ליהוה לעולם The third blessing recited following the Shema during Maariv. This blessing is only said by some communities, mostly outside of Israel.
The Shema Israel is the first prayer taught to Jewish children and it is the last words a Jew says before death. The Shema is recited in preparation for the reading of the Torah on the Sabbath and Jewish holidays and at the end of the holiest day, Yom Kippur .
Relative hours are used for the calculation of prayer times ; for example, the Shema must be recited in the first three relative hours of the day. [8] Neither system is commonly used in ordinary life; rather, the local civil clock is used. This is even the case for ritual times (e.g. "The latest time to recite Shema today is 9:38 AM"). [9]
If Maariv is recited prior to dusk, individuals repeat the Shema later in the evening. [ 44 ] The main components of Maariv are the recitation of the Shema (with two blessings before it and two after it), followed by the Amidah (which is not repeated, unlike with other recitations of the Amidah).
Half Kaddish is recited just before the Amidah, in order to separate between the required Shema and the (originally) optional Amidah. The Amidah is followed by the full Kaddish (sometime with additions recited beforehand, see below). Unlike in other prayers, the Amidah is not repeated aloud by the chazzan in Maariv.
Blessings recited for the enjoyment of food, drinks, and fragrances and on significant occasions or circumstances. The first three chapters of the tractate discuss the recital of the Shema, the next two the recital of the Tefilla, and the last four the various blessings. [1] [4]