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  2. Calculus of voting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_of_voting

    A political science model based on rational choice used to explain why citizens do or do not vote. The alternative equation is V = pB + D > C. Where for voting to occur the (P)robability the vote will matter "times" the (B)enefit of one candidate winning over another combined with the feeling of civic (D)uty, must be greater than the (C)ost of ...

  3. Rational choice model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_choice_model

    The rational choice model, also called rational choice theory refers to a set of guidelines that help understand economic and social behaviour. [1] The theory originated in the eighteenth century and can be traced back to the political economist and philosopher Adam Smith . [ 2 ]

  4. The update identified 120 new statutory provisions involving marital status, and 31 statutory provisions involving marital status repealed or amended in such a way as to eliminate marital status as a factor. The first legally-recognized same-sex marriage occurred in Minneapolis, [3] Minnesota, in 1971. [4] On June 26, 2015, in the case of ...

  5. Social choice theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_choice_theory

    Social choice theory is a branch of welfare economics that extends the theory of rational choice to collective decision-making. [1] Social choice studies the behavior of different mathematical procedures ( social welfare functions ) used to combine individual preferences into a coherent whole.

  6. Social Choice and Individual Values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Choice_and...

    The Introduction contrasts voting and markets with dictatorship and social convention (such as those in a religious code). Both exemplify social decisions. Voting and markets facilitate social choice in a sense, whereas dictatorship and convention limit it. The former amalgamate possibly differing tastes to make a social choice.

  7. Altruism theory of voting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altruism_theory_of_voting

    The altruism theory of voting is a model of voter behavior which states that if citizens in a democracy have "social" preferences for the welfare of others, the extremely low probability of a single vote determining an election will be outweighed by the large cumulative benefits society will receive from the voter's preferred policy being enacted, such that it is rational for an “altruistic ...

  8. Paradox of voting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_voting

    The paradox of voting, also called Downs' paradox, is that for a rational and egoistic voter (Homo economicus), the costs of voting will normally exceed the expected benefits. Because the chance of exercising the pivotal vote is minuscule compared to any realistic estimate of the private individual benefits of the different possible outcomes ...

  9. Power (social and political) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)

    In rational choice theory, human individuals or groups can be modelled as 'actors' who choose from a 'choice set' of possible actions in order to try to achieve desired outcomes. An actor's 'incentive structure' comprises (its beliefs about) the costs associated with different actions in the choice set and the likelihoods that different actions ...

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