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Toxoplasma chorioretinitis, more simply known as ocular toxoplasmosis, is possibly the most common cause of infections in the back of the eye (posterior segment) worldwide. The causitive agent is Toxoplasma gondii, and in the United States, most cases are acquired congenitally. The most common symptom is decreased visual acuity in one eye.
Trachoma is an infectious disease caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. [2] The infection causes a roughening of the inner surface of the eyelids. [2] This roughening can lead to pain in the eyes, breakdown of the outer surface or cornea of the eyes, and eventual blindness. [2]
Childhood blindness is an important contribution to the national prevalence of the disability of blindness. [3] Blindness in children can be defined as a visual acuity of <3/60 in the eye with better vision of a child under 16 years of age. [4]
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Acanthamoeba are protozoa found nearly ubiquitously in soil and water and can cause infections of the skin, eyes, and central nervous system. [ 3 ] Infection of the cornea by Acanthamoeba is difficult to treat with conventional medications, and AK may cause permanent visual impairment or blindness, due to damage to the cornea or through damage ...
Bulging eyes: where the eye (one or both) protrudes or distends out of its orbit. Left untreated, bulging eyes may lead to eye dryness, pain and vision loss [3] Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis: This is an inflammation of the retina caused by infection, which can result in blindness.
Macular degeneration is the third main cause of blindness worldwide, and is the main cause of blindness in industrialised countries. [12] Eye infection, inflammation, or injury. Sjögren's syndrome, a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that destroys moisture producing glands, including lacrimal gland and leads to dry eye and visual blur. [13]
Fungal keratitis is a fungal infection of the cornea, which can lead to blindness. [2] It generally presents with a red, painful eye and blurred vision. [1] There is also increased sensitivity to light, and excessive tears or discharge. [1] It is caused by fungal organisms such as Fusarium, Aspergillus or Candida.