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The hamadryas baboon is one primate species that fails the mirror test.. The mirror test—sometimes called the mark test, mirror self-recognition (MSR) test, red spot technique, or rouge test—is a behavioral technique developed in 1970 by American psychologist Gordon Gallup Jr. as an attempt to determine whether an animal possesses the ability of visual self-recognition. [1]
The most widely used test for self-awareness in animals is the mirror test, developed by Gordon Gallup in the 1970s, in which a temporary dye is placed on an animal's body, and the animal is then presented with a mirror. [66] In 1995, Marten and Psarakos used television to test dolphin self-awareness. [67]
Her important contributions include demonstrating mirror self-awareness in dolphins via the Mirror test. [ 6 ] Her work in conservation and animal welfare includes "the protection of dolphins in the tuna-fishing industry and her current efforts to bring an end to the killing of dolphins in the drive hunts in Japan."
The mirror test is sometimes considered to be an operational test for self-awareness, and the handful of animals that have passed it are often considered to be self-aware. [ 46 ] [ 47 ] It remains debatable whether recognition of one's mirror image can be properly construed to imply full self-awareness, [ 48 ] particularly given that robots are ...
The most widely used test for self-awareness in animals is the mirror test, in which a temporary dye is placed on an animal's body and the animal is then presented with a mirror. Researchers then explore whether the animal shows signs of self-recognition. [64] Critics claim that the results of these tests are susceptible to the Clever Hans effect.
The mirror test has been criticized by researchers because it is entirely focused on vision, the primary sense in humans, while other species rely more heavily on other senses such as the sense of smell in dogs. [147] [148] [149] It has been suggested that metacognition in some animals provides some evidence for cognitive self-awareness. [150]
He is best known for developing the mirror test, also called the mirror self-recognition test, or MSR, in 1970, which gauges self-awareness of animals. In 1975, Gallup moved to the University at Albany.
The findings show that magpies respond in the mirror and mark test in a manner similar to apes, dolphins and elephants. This is a remarkable capability that, although not fully concrete in its determination of self-recognition, is at least a prerequisite of self-recognition.