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Phenylketonuria is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. PKU is an autosomal recessive metabolic genetic disorder. As an autosomal recessive disorder, two PKU alleles are required for an individual to experience symptoms of the disease. For a child to inherit PKU, both parents must have and pass on the defective gene. [17]
Untreated PKU results in irreversible neurological damage. [1] After the discovery of PKU as a cause of mental retardation, Horst Bickel and colleagues discovered that it could be treated successfully with a diet low in phenylalanine. [7] The main drawback in successful treatment of PKU was the delay in identifying affected individuals.
[1] [5] PAL has recently been studied for possible therapeutic benefits in humans afflicted with phenylketonuria. [6] It has also been used in the generation of L-phenylalanine as precursor of the sweetener aspartame. [7] The enzyme is a member of the ammonia lyase family, which cleaves carbon–nitrogen bonds.
The European Society for Phenylketonuria and Allied Disorders Treated as Phenylketonuria (E.S.PKU) is a Europe-based non-profit organization. It was founded in 1987 by patient-driven associations to help improve the treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) in Europe.
Pegvaliase, sold under the brand name Palynziq, is a medication used for the treatment of the genetic disease phenylketonuria. [5] [9] [10] It is a phenylalanine (Phe)‑metabolizing enzyme. [5] Chemically, it is a pegylated derivative of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase that metabolizes phenylalanine to reduce its blood levels. [5]
Phenylketonuria (PKU)-like symptoms, including more pronounced developmental defects, skin irritation, and vomiting, may appear when phenylalanine levels are near 20 mg/dL (1200 mol/L). [1] Hyperphenylalaninemia is a recessive hereditary metabolic disorder that is caused by the body's failure to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine as a result of ...
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As of 2022, BioMarin has six products on the market, each of which is an orphan drug. [20]Tetrahydrobiopterin (branded as Kuvan) (sapropterin dihydrochloride), a small molecule drug for phenylketonuria, introduced in 2007 as the first medication-based intervention to treat phenylketonuria [21]