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The guidelines stipulate that PM 2.5 should not exceed 5 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 15 μg/m 3 24-hour mean; and that PM 10 should not exceed 15 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 45 μg/m 3 24-hour mean. [2] For ozone (O 3 ), the guidelines suggest values no higher than 100 μg/m 3 for an 8-hour mean and 60 μg/m 3 peak season mean. [ 2 ]
PM 10 1 day 50 μg/m 3: 1 year 25 μg/m 3: PM 2.5 ... 2 5 160 100 35 100 150 500 80 200 150 4 10 ... Japan uses a different scale to measure the air quality index. CAI
Worldwide, PM 10 concentrations of 70 μg/m 3 and PM 2.5 concentrations of 35 μg/m 3 have been shown to increase long-term mortality by 15%. [29] More so, approximately 4.2 million of all premature deaths observed in 2016 occurred due to airborne particulate pollution, 91% of which occurred in countries with low to middle socioeconomic status.
During haze episodes, PM 2.5 is the most significant pollutant. [8] The PSI is reported as a number on a scale of 0 to 500. The index figures enable the public to determine whether the air pollution levels in a particular location are good, unhealthy, hazardous or worse.
PM is most usually (but not always) expressed as mg/m 3 of air or other gas at a specified temperature and pressure. For gases, volume percent = mole percent 1 volume percent = 10,000 ppmv (i.e., parts per million by volume) with a million being defined as 10 6 .
SO 2, NO 2 and PM 10 concentration are measured as average per day. CO and O 3 are more harmful and are measured as average per hour. The final AQI value is calculated per day. The scale for each pollutant is non-linear, as is the final AQI score. Thus an AQI of 100 does not mean twice the pollution of AQI at 50, nor does it mean twice as harmful.
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Air pollution measurement is the process of collecting and measuring the components of air pollution, notably gases and particulates. The earliest devices used to measure pollution include rain gauges (in studies of acid rain), Ringelmann charts for measuring smoke, and simple soot and dust collectors known as deposit gauges. [1]