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Types of construction project where consolidation often poses technical risk include land reclamation, the construction of embankments, and tunnel and basement excavation in clay. Geotechnical engineers use oedometers to quantify the effects of consolidation. In an oedometer test, a series of known pressures are applied to a thin disc of soil ...
Terzaghi's principle applies well to porous materials whose solid constituents are incompressible - soil, for example, is composed of grains of incompressible silica so that the volume change in soil during consolidation is due solely to the rearrangement of these constituents with respect to one another.
The consolidation curve for a saturated clay showing the procedure for finding the preconsolidation pressure. Using a consolidation curve:(Casagrande 1936) [6] Choose by eye the point of maximum curvature on the consolidation curve. Draw a horizontal line from this point. Draw a line tangent to the curve at the point found in part 1.
Timber-frame building showing considerable, but tolerable, settlement. Settlement is the downward movement or the sinking of a structure's foundation.It is mostly caused by changes in the underlying soil, such as drying and shrinking, wetting and softening, or compression due to the soil being poorly compacted when construction started. [1]
Additionally DSSM explains key relationships in soil mechanics that to date have simply been taken for granted, for example, why normalized undrained peak shear strengths vary with the log of the overconsolidation ratio and why stress–strain curves normalize with the initial effective confining stress; and why in one-dimensional consolidation ...
Soil compaction is a vital part of the construction process. It is used for support of structural entities such as building foundations, roadways, walkways, and earth retaining structures to name a few. For a given soil type certain properties may deem it more or less desirable to perform adequately for a particular circumstance.
More recently there have been attempts to promote land consolidation in developing countries. Approaches used include increasing the average size of farms into viable commercial units through sale or lease; consolidation to reduce fragmentation of smallholder plots; and cooperative farming, where farmers retain ownership of their land but farm it jointly.
In-situ capping has been effective in numerous locations. For example, in several places in the interior of Japan “in-situ capping of nutrient-laden sediments with sand” has worked very well in preserving water quality by reducing “the release of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus)” and oxygen depletion by bottom sediments. [4]