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The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and initially released in 2010. [2] [3] The microcontroller board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. [1]
A sketch is a program written with the Arduino IDE. [72] Sketches are saved on the development computer as text files with the file extension .ino. Arduino Software (IDE) pre-1.0 saved sketches with the extension .pde. A minimal Arduino C/C++ program consists of only two functions: [73]
The arithmetical difference between two consecutive representable floating-point numbers which have the same exponent is called a unit in the last place (ULP). For example, if there is no representable number lying between the representable numbers 1.45a70c22 hex and 1.45a70c24 hex, the ULP is 2×16 −8, or 2 −31.
The Arduino Nano is an open-source breadboard-friendly microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and initially released in 2008. It offers the same connectivity and specs of the Arduino Uno board in a smaller form factor.
The register width of a processor determines the range of values that can be represented in its registers. Though the vast majority of computers can perform multiple-precision arithmetic on operands in memory, allowing numbers to be arbitrarily long and overflow to be avoided, the register width limits the sizes of numbers that can be operated on (e.g., added or subtracted) using a single ...
Changing the value of a magic number is error-prone, because the same value is often used several times in different places within a program. [6] Also, when two semantically distinct variables or numbers have the same value they may be accidentally both edited together. [6] To modify the first example to shuffle a Tarot deck, which has 78 cards ...
ATmega328 is commonly used in many projects and autonomous systems where a simple, low-powered, low-cost micro-controller is needed. Perhaps the most common implementation of this chip is on the popular Arduino development platform, namely the Arduino Uno, Arduino Pro Mini [4] and Arduino Nano models.
s is a bit number in the status register (0 = C, 1 = Z, etc., see the list above) b is a bit number in a general-purpose or I/O register (0 = least significant, 7 = most significant) K6 is a 6-bit immediate unsigned constant (range: 0–63) K8 is an 8-bit immediate constant; since it is used only in 8-bit operations, its signedness is irrelevant