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Injury prevention is an effort to prevent or reduce the severity of bodily injuries caused by external mechanisms, such as accidents, before they occur. Injury prevention is a component of safety and public health , and its goal is to improve the health of the population by preventing injuries and hence improving quality of life .
The terminology used in OSH varies between countries, but generally speaking: A hazard is something that can cause harm if not controlled. The outcome is the harm that results from an uncontrolled hazard. A risk is a combination of the probability that a particular outcome may occur and the severity of the harm involved. [108]
A safe situation is one where risks of injury or property damage are low and manageable. When something is called safe, this usually means that it is safe within certain reasonable limits and parameters. For example, a medication may be safe, for most people, under most circumstances, if taken in a certain amount.
The triangle shows a relationship between the number of accidents resulting in serious injury, minor injuries or no injuries. The relationship was first proposed in 1931 by Herbert William Heinrich in his Industrial Accident Prevention: A Scientific Approach. [1] Heinrich was a pioneer in the field of workplace health and safety.
The harm principle is also found in recent US case law - in the case of the People v Alvarez, from the Supreme Court of California, in May, 2002: In every criminal trial, the prosecution must prove the corpus delicti, or the body of the crime itself - i.e., the fact of injury, loss, or harm, and the existence of a criminal agency as its cause.
They are also at higher risk for injury due to age-related hearing loss, [31] visual impairment, [32] and use of multiple prescription medications [33] that has been linked to higher rates of work injuries. [34] In addition to age, other personal risk factors for injury include obesity [35] particularly its associated risk with back injury, and ...
However, scientific patient safety research by Annegret Hannawa, and others, has shown that ineffective communication can lead to patient harm. [29] [30] [31] Communication regarding patient safety can be classified into two categories: the prevention of adverse events and the response to adverse events. Effective communication can help in the ...
There are factors for a near miss related to the operator, and factors related to the context. Fatigue is an example for the former. The risk of a car crash after a more than 24h shift for physicians has been observed to increase by 168%, and the risk of near miss by 460%. [4]