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There are two main types of EV chargers: Alternating current (AC) charging stations and direct current (DC) charging stations. Electric vehicle batteries can only be charged by direct current electricity, while most mains electricity is delivered from the power grid as alternating current.
The North American Charging System (NACS), standardized as SAE J3400, is an electric vehicle (EV) charging connector standard maintained by SAE International. [1] Developed by Tesla, Inc. , it has been used by all North American market Tesla vehicles since 2021 and was opened for use by other manufacturers in November 2022.
A CCS1 (Combined Charging Standard 1) DC charging connector, which is used in North America. It is an extension of the J1772 standard AC charging connector. CCS Combo 1 vehicle inlet showing the J1772 and the two DC fast-charging pins Connectors: Combo 2 (left), compared to IEC Type 2 (right). Two large direct current (DC) pins are added below ...
The same physical connector is also used in China under the Guobiao standard GB/T 20234.2-2015 for AC-charging, with gender differences for the vehicle and electric vehicle supply equipment. GB/T 20234-2 specifies cables with Type 2-style male connectors on both ends, and a female inlet on vehicles [ 11 ] —the opposite gender to the rest of ...
Basic AC charging is defined in SAE J1772 and IEC 61851-1 Annex A with an analog control pilot, and is used with a variety of single-phase AC grid voltages lower than 250 VAC. LIN-CP ( L ocal I nterconnect N etwork on the C ontrol P ilot ) was originally specified in IEC 61851-1 Annex D in Edition 3.
IEC 61851-21-2: Electric vehicle requirements for conductive connection to an AC/DC supply - EMC requirements for off board electric vehicle charging systems [4] IEC 61851-23: DC electric vehicle charging station [5] IEC 61851-24: Digital communication between a DC EV charging station and an electric vehicle for control of DC charging [6]
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