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Cancer in adolescents and young adults is cancer which occurs in those between the ages of 15 and 39. [1] This occurs in about 70,000 people a year in the United States—accounting for about 5 percent of cancers. This is about six times the number of cancers diagnosed in children ages 0–14. [1]
Adolescent and young adult oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients aged 16–40. Studies have continuously shown that while pediatric cancer survival rates have gone up, the survival rate for adolescents and young adults has remained stagnant.
Cancer in children is rare in the UK, with an average of 1,800 diagnoses every year but contributing to less than 1% of all cancer-related deaths. [70] Age is not a confounding factor in mortality from the disease in the UK. From 2014 to 2016, approximately 230 children died from cancer, with brain/CNS cancers being the most commonly fatal type.
In 2008, childhood cancer and cancer in adolescents was rare, at about 150 cases per million yearly in the US. In 2008, leukemia, usually acute lymphoblastic leukemia, was the most common cancer in children aged 1–14 in the U.S., followed by the central nervous system cancers, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. [20]
The corresponding relative risk is 1.5 for lung cancer, [81] and 1.9 for prostate cancer. [82] For breast cancer, the relative risk is 1.8 with a first-degree relative having developed it at 50 years of age or older, and 3.3 when the relative developed it when being younger than 50 years of age. [83]
Adolescent health, or youth health, is the range of approaches to preventing, detecting or treating young people's health and well-being. [1] The term adolescent and young people are often used interchangeably, as are the terms Adolescent Health [2] and Youth Health. Young people's health is often complex and requires a comprehensive ...
Cancer treatments are a wide range of treatments available for the many different types of cancer, with each cancer type needing its own specific treatment. [1] Treatments can include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy including small-molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies, [2] and PARP inhibitors such as olaparib. [3]
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