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Bertolotti's syndrome is characterized by sacralization of the lowest lumbar vertebral body and lumbarization of the uppermost sacral segment. It involves a total or partial unilateral or bilateral fusion of the transverse process of the lowest lumbar vertebra to the sacrum, leading to the formation of a transitional 5th lumbar vertebra.
Low back pain accounts for 17% of all physician visits of people aged 65 and older. [37] From this population, a large portion of radicular pain stems not from disk pathology, but from lumbar spinal stenosis. [37] According to Kalff et al., 21% of people over the age of 60 have lumbar spinal stenosis, as confirmed by radiological screening. [38]
[11] [73] [74] In the Maine Study, among patients with lumbar spinal stenosis completing 8- to 10-year follow-up, low back pain relief, predominant symptom improvement, and satisfaction with the current state were similar in patients initially treated surgically or non-surgically. However, leg pain relief and greater back-related functional ...
The lumbar (or lower back) region is the area between the lower ribs and gluteal fold which includes five lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5) and the sacrum. In between these vertebrae are fibrocartilaginous discs , which act as cushions, preventing the vertebrae from rubbing together while at the same time protecting the spinal cord .
Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae consist of the process of the last lumbar vertebra fusing with the first sacral segment. [1] While only around 10 percent of adults have a spinal abnormality due to genetics, a sixth lumbar vertebra is one of the more common abnormalities. [2] Sacralization of the L5 vertebra is seen at the lower right of the ...
MRI of the lumbar spine showing spinal stenosis. Neurogenic claudication is one subtype of the clinical syndrome of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). [9] No gold standard diagnostic criteria currently exist, but evaluation and diagnosis is generally based on the patient history, physical exam, and medical imaging. [1]
The former is the most common, causing low back pain (lumbago) and often leg pain as well, in which case it is commonly referred to as sciatica. Lumbar disc herniation occurs 15 times more often than cervical (neck) disc herniation, and it is one of the most common causes of low back pain.
Typically, the pain is worsened by stress on the facet joints, e.g. by lumbar extension and loading (the basis of the Kemp test) or lateral flexion but also by prolonged standing or walking. [citation needed] Pain associated with facet syndrome is often called "referred pain" because symptoms do not follow a specific nerve root pattern. This is ...