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Saul (/ s ɔː l /; Hebrew: שָׁאוּל , Šāʾūl; Greek: Σαούλ, Saoúl; transl. "asked/prayed for") was a monarch of ancient Israel and Judah and, according to the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament, the first king of the United Monarchy, a polity of uncertain historicity.
David, the youngest son of Jesse, kills Goliath at the Valley of Elah where the Philistine army was in a standoff with the army of King Saul, Jonathan's father. [2] David's victory begins a rout of the Philistines who are driven back to Gath and the gates of Ekron. Abner brings David
Throughout the monarchy of Saul, the capital is in Gibeah. After Saul's death, Ish-bosheth rules over the Kingdom of Israel from Mahanaim, and David establishes the capital of the Kingdom of Judah in Hebron. [65] After the civil war with Saul, David forges a powerful and unified Israelite monarchy and rules from c. 1000 to 961 BCE. [66]
According to 1 Samuel 17:25, King Saul said that he would make whoever killed Goliath a very wealthy man, give his daughter to him and declare his father's family exempt from taxes in Israel. Saul offered David his oldest daughter, Merab, a marriage David respectfully declined. [19] Saul then gave Merab in marriage to Adriel the Meholathite. [20]
According to the biblical narrative, David of the Tribe of Judah engaged in a protracted conflict with Ish-bosheth of the Tribe of Benjamin after the latter succeeded his father Saul to become the second king of an amalgamated Israel and Judah. Amidst this struggle, God had sent his prophet Samuel to anoint David as the true king of the Israelites.
Saul and David by Rembrandt. According to the Bible, the Tribes of Israel lived as a confederation under ad hoc charismatic leaders called judges.In around 1020 BCE, under extreme threat from foreign peoples, the tribes united to form the first United Kingdom of Israel.
On the other hand, Saul became jealous of David, and their relationship developed into one of 'respect and hatred, recognition and desire to kill', a mixed attitude which was especially triggered when Saul heard the couplet (verse 7) giving the clear message that David would become king. [5] Saul feared David (verses 12, 15, 29) as Saul ...
There is reason to believe that several sections of this narrative were later additions. The main purpose of this narrative is a defense of David's legitimacy as a king, through a translatio imperii (Latin for "transfer of rule") from Saul to David. [1] The narrative makes three arguments concerning David's legitimacy as a king.