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Johann Jakob Balmer (1 May 1825 – 12 March 1898) was a Swiss mathematician best known for his work in physics, the Balmer series of hydrogen atom. Biography.
The Balmer series is calculated using the Balmer formula, an empirical equation discovered by Johann Balmer in 1885. The visible spectrum of light from hydrogen displays four wavelengths , 410 nm , 434 nm, 486 nm, and 656 nm, that correspond to emissions of photons by electrons in excited states transitioning to the quantum level described by ...
The Balmer series includes the lines due to transitions from an outer orbit n > 2 to the orbit n' = 2. Named after Johann Balmer, who discovered the Balmer formula, an empirical equation to predict the Balmer series, in 1885. Balmer lines are historically referred to as "H-alpha", "H-beta", "H-gamma" and so on, where H is the element hydrogen. [10]
Johann Josef Loschmidt: 1821–1895 Austrian: Loschmidt constant: Johann Jakob Balmer: 1825–1898 Swiss: Balmer's constant: Josef Stefan: 1835–1893 Slovene/Austrian: Stefan's constant [2] Ludwig Boltzmann: 1844–1906 Austrian Boltzmann constant: Henri Victor Regnault: 1810-1878 French Regnault constant: Johannes Rydberg: 1854–1919 Swedish ...
Rydberg's formula as it appears in a November 1888 record. In atomic physics, the Rydberg formula calculates the wavelengths of a spectral line in many chemical elements.The formula was primarily presented as a generalization of the Balmer series for all atomic electron transitions of hydrogen.
Johann Balmer; G. Michael Bancroft; Charles Glover Barkla; Nikolay Basov; Jane Blankenship; Nicolaas Bloembergen; Niels Bohr; Frederick Sumner Brackett (1896–1988), discovered the hydrogen Brackett series. Bertram Brockhouse; John Browning; Robert Bunsen
Three years later, the Swedish physicist Johannes Rydberg presented a generalized and more intuitive version of Balmer's formula that came to be known as the Rydberg formula. This formula indicated the existence of an infinite series of ever more closely spaced discrete energy levels converging on a finite limit. [6]
1885 Johann Balmer finds a mathematical expression for observed hydrogen line wavelengths; 1886 Eugen Goldstein produced anode rays; 1887 Heinrich Hertz discovers the photoelectric effect; 1894 Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay discover argon by spectroscopically analyzing the gas left over after nitrogen and oxygen are removed from air