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Maternal placentophagy is defined as "a mother’s ingestion of her own placenta postpartum, in any form, at any time". [1] Of the more than 4000 species of placental mammals, most, including herbivores, regularly engage in maternal placentophagy, thought to be an instinct to hide any trace of childbirth from predators in the wild.
When coupled with the ingestion of placenta or amniotic fluid, there is a drastic increase in the opioid effect. A test whereby rats were given meat rather than placenta supported the contribution of the afterbirth components to the enhanced opioid effect by showing no increase in the pain threshold of the post-partum mother. [4] [5]
The placenta (pl.: placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation.It plays critical roles in facilitating nutrient, gas and waste exchange between the physically separate maternal and fetal circulations, and is an important endocrine organ, producing hormones that regulate both maternal and fetal ...
Placenta can also be divided according to what kind of structure it develops from. There are two vessel-rich features in the amniote, the yolk sac and the allantois. When the chorion fuses with the former, the result is a choriovitelline placenta. When it fuses with the latter, the result is a chorioallantoic placenta.
Ischemic placental disease leads to the attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall to become under-perfused, causing uteroplacental ischemia. Where the term overarches the pathology associated with preeclampsia , placental abruptions and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). [ 3 ]
Manual placenta removal is the evacuation of the placenta from the uterus by hand. [4] It is usually carried out under anesthesia or more rarely, under sedation and analgesia . A hand is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterine cavity and the placenta is detached from the uterine wall and then removed manually.
a chorioallantoic placenta that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing embryo via an umbilical cord accompanied by a prolonged gestation period compared to marsupials. [2] a sufficiently wide opening at the bottom of the pelvis to allow the birth of a large baby relative to the size of the mother. [3]
Placenta previa is a condition that occurs when the placenta fully or partially covers the cervix. [13] Placenta previa can be further categorized into complete previa, partial previa, marginal previa, and low-lying placenta, depending on the degree to which the placenta covers the internal cervical os.