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Ensitrelvir is being studied for its potential use as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after SARS-CoV-2 exposure. [19] [20] The SCORPIO-PEP trial is a global Phase 3 trial that will evaluate the safety and efficacy of the drug in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in household contacts of people who tested positive for COVID-19.
Favipiravir is an antiviral drug approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan. [ 117 ] [ 90 ] There is limited evidence suggesting that, compared to other antiviral drugs, favipiravir might improve outcomes for people with COVID-19, but more rigorous studies are needed before any conclusions can be drawn.
A drug combination targeting SARS-CoV-2, Paxlovid, was approved in December 2021 to treat COVID-19. [12] It is a combination of nirmatrelvir , a protease inhibitor targeted to the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease , and ritonavir, which inhibits the metabolism of nirmatrelvir, thereby prolonging its effect.
Antiviral drugs are a class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, [3] or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. [4] Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections.
Molnupiravir was developed at Emory University by its drug innovation company, Drug Innovation Ventures at Emory (DRIVE). [17] In 2014, DRIVE began a screening project funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency to find an antiviral drug targeting Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), which led to the discovery of EIDD-1931.
As early as March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO), [2] European Medicines Agency (EMA), [3] US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), [4] and the Chinese government and drug manufacturers [5] [6] were coordinating with academic and industry researchers to speed development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and post-infection therapies.
Because NS5A exerts functionally essential effects in regulation of viral replication, assembly and egress, it has been considered a potential drug target for antiviral therapeutic intervention. [1] [4] Indeed, small molecule drugs efficiently targeting NS5A displayed a much higher potency in controlling HCV infection than other drugs. [1]
List of Antiviral Drugs Antiviral Use Manufacturer Component Type Year approved Abacavir: HIV: ViiV Healthcare: Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) 1998 Acyclovir (Aciclovir) Herpes Simplex, chickenpox, [2] varicella zoster virus: GSK: guanosine analogue RTI 1981 Adefovir: Hepatitis B [3] Gilead Sciences RTI 2002 , 2003 ...