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The pushd ('push directory') command saves the current working directory to the stack then changes the working directory to the new path input by the user. If pushd is not provided with a path argument, it changes instead to the next directory from the top of the stack, [clarification needed] which can be used to toggle between two directories.
In MS-DOS, a batch file can be started from the command-line interface by typing its name, followed by any required parameters and pressing the ↵ Enter key. When DOS loads, the file AUTOEXEC.BAT, when present, is automatically executed, so any commands that need to be run to set up the DOS environment may be placed in this file.
In most computer file systems, every directory has an entry (usually named ".") which points to the directory itself.In most DOS and UNIX command shells, as well as in the Microsoft Windows command line interpreters cmd.exe and Windows PowerShell, the working directory can be changed by using the CD or CHDIR commands.
Another important use of the echo command is to toggle echoing of commands on and off in batch files. Traditionally batch files begin with the @echo off statement. This says to the interpreter that echoing of commands should be off during the whole execution of the batch file, thus resulting in a "tidier" output (the @ symbol declares that this ...
These two files play an important role: /etc/cron.allow – If this file exists, it must contain the user's name for that user to be allowed to use cron jobs. /etc/cron.deny – If the cron.allow file does not exist but the /etc/cron.deny file does exist then, to use cron jobs, users must not be listed in the /etc/cron.deny file.
The directory (folder) to search for files in. The default is the current directory. UNC paths (\\machine\share) are not accepted. /M searchmask A glob pattern (wildcard search). Only files whose filename matches the pattern are selected. The file extension is included in the filename; the path (folder name) is not.
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This was a plain text file with simple key–value pairs (e.g. DEVICEHIGH=C:\\DOS\\ANSI.SYS) until MS-DOS 6, which introduced an INI-file style format. There was also a standard plain text batch file named AUTOEXEC.BAT that ran a series of commands on boot. Both these files were retained up to Windows 98SE, which still ran on top of MS-DOS.