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Sodium oxybate, sold under the brand name Xyrem among others, is a medication used to treat symptoms of narcolepsy: sudden muscle weakness and excessive daytime sleepiness. [3] [7] [8] It is used sometimes in France and Italy as an anesthetic given intravenously.
Medications used to treat narcolepsy are primarily targeting EDS and/or cataplexy. These medications include alerting agents (e.g., modafinil, armodafinil, pitolisant, solriamfetol), oxybate medications (e.g., twice nightly sodium oxybate, twice nightly mixed oxybate salts, and once nightly extended-release sodium oxybate), and other stimulants ...
While modafinil is primarily used to treat excessive sleepiness, it may also help reduce the frequency and severity of cataplexy attacks in some people. Modafinil is approved for management of narcolepsy with or without cataplexy. However, it is not specifically approved for the treatment of cataplexy. [28] [29]
Pitolisant is indicated in adults for the treatment of narcolepsy. [3] [4] Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that causes overwhelming daytime drowsiness. [4] Pitolisant is also indicated to improve alertness and reduce excessive daytime sleepiness in adults with obstructive sleep apnea. [5] [12]
A large percentage of people with narcolepsy have cataplexy as well, which along with excessive sleepiness disrupts a person’s ability to socialize, work at a job, drive a car or even have close ...
Pitolisant has been shown to be effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of narcolepsy with or without cataplexy. [182] [181] [180] Pitolisant is the only non-controlled anti-narcoleptic drug in the US. [180] It has shown minimal abuse risk in studies. [180] [183]
Orexin (/ ɒ ˈ r ɛ k s ɪ n /), also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. [5] It exists in the forms of orexin-A and orexin-B.The most common form of narcolepsy, type 1, in which the individual experiences brief losses of muscle tone ("drop attacks" or cataplexy), is caused by a lack of orexin in the brain due to destruction of the cells ...
Firazorexton was studied by Takeda for the treatment of narcolepsy. [3] [4] [5] It is a small-molecule and orally active compound and acts as a highly selective agonist of the orexin receptor 2 (OX 2) with >700-fold selectivity over the orexin receptor 1 (OX 1). [3] [4] [6] [7] Firazorexton is related to danavorexton (TAK-925). [8]
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