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In addition to reducing the time spent in the danger zone, foods should be moved through the danger zone as few times as possible when reheating or cooling. [15] Foods that are potentially hazardous inside the danger zone: [16] Meat: beef, poultry, pork, seafood; Eggs and other protein-rich foods; Dairy products; Cut or peeled fresh produce
The lower temperature of cooking (the boiling point of water) is a significant safety benefit compared with baking in the oven or frying, because it eliminates the formation of tars and char, which are carcinogenic. [73] Microwave radiation also penetrates deeper than direct heat, so that the food is heated by its own internal water content.
An ice pack or gel pack is a portable bag filled with water, refrigerant gel, or liquid, meant to provide cooling. They can be divided into the reusable type, which works as a thermal mass and requires freezing, or the instant type, which cools itself down using chemicals but can only be used once.
In thermodynamics, superheating (sometimes referred to as boiling retardation, or boiling delay) is the phenomenon in which a liquid is heated to a temperature higher than its boiling point, without boiling. This is a so-called metastable state or metastate, where boiling might occur at any time, induced by external or internal effects.
First known science-based boil-water advisory (1866) John Snow's 1849 recommendation that water be "filtered and boiled before it is used" is one of the first practical applications of the germ theory of disease in the area of public health and is the antecedent to the modern boil water advisory. Snow demonstrated a clear understanding of germ ...
Boiling is the method of cooking food in boiling water or other water-based liquids such as stock or milk. [13] Simmering is gentle boiling, while in poaching the cooking liquid moves but scarcely bubbles. [14] The boiling point of water is typically considered to be 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K), especially at sea level.
A microwave oven passes microwave radiation at a frequency near 2.45 GHz (12 cm) through food, causing dielectric heating primarily by absorption of the energy in water. Microwave ovens became common kitchen appliances in Western countries in the late 1970s, following the development of less expensive cavity magnetrons. Water in the liquid ...
Food safety (or food hygiene) is used as a scientific method/discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness.The occurrence of two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the ingestion of a common food is known as a food-borne disease outbreak. [1]