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The French Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) and German Robert Koch (1843–1910) are the two greatest figures in medical microbiology and in establishing acceptance of the germ theory of disease (germ theory). [1] In 1882, fueled by national rivalry and a language barrier, the tension between Pasteur and the younger Koch erupted into an acute ...
Koch's postulates (/ k ɒ x / KOKH) [2] are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a microbe and a disease. The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884, based on earlier concepts described by Jakob Henle , and the statements were refined and published by Koch in 1890. [ 3 ]
Louis Pasteur's contemporary Robert Koch devoted much of his scientific study to discovering certain pathogens and connecting them to specific diseases. These scientists were often in competition with one another and so the Koch-Pasteur rivalry is a well-known part of germ theory's history.
Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch (/ k ɒ x / KOKH; [1] [2] German: [ˈʁoːbɛʁt ˈkɔx] ⓘ; 11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist.As the discoverer of the specific causative agents of deadly infectious diseases including tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax, he is regarded as one of the main founders of modern bacteriology.
Louis Pasteur FRS Photograph by Nadar Born (1822-12-27) 27 December 1822 Dole, France Died 28 September 1895 (1895-09-28) (aged 72) Marnes-la-Coquette, France Education École normale supérieure University of Paris Known for Anthrax vaccine Cholera vaccine Rabies vaccine Chirality Dextran Fermentation theory Galactose Germ theory of disease Kinetic resolution Koch–Pasteur rivalry Liebig ...
Molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that must be satisfied to show that a gene found in a pathogenic microorganism encodes a product that contributes to the disease caused by the pathogen. Genes that satisfy molecular Koch's postulates are often referred to as virulence factors.
Based on these experiments, he devised criteria for establishing a causal link between a microorganism and a disease and these are now known as Koch's postulates. [18] Although these postulates cannot be applied in all cases, they do retain historical importance to the development of scientific thought and are still being used today.
The first culture media was liquid media, designed by Louis Pasteur in 1860. [2] This was used in the laboratory until Robert Koch's development of solid media in 1881. [ 3 ] Koch's method of using a flat plate for his solid media was replaced by Julius Richard Petri's round box in 1887. [ 2 ]