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  2. Chromatin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin

    The precise structure of the chromatin fiber in the cell is not known in detail. [10] This level of chromatin structure is thought to be the form of heterochromatin, which contains mostly transcriptionally silent genes. Electron microscopy studies have demonstrated that the 30 nm fiber is highly dynamic such that it unfolds into a 10 nm fiber ...

  3. Eukaryotic chromosome structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Eukaryotic_chromosome_structure

    Commonly, many people think the structure of a chromosome is in an "X" shape. But this is only present when the cell divides. Researchers have now been able to model the structure of chromosomes when they are active. This is extremely important because the way that DNA folds up in chromosome structures is linked to the way DNA is used.

  4. Chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome

    Chromatin structure is the more decondensed state, i.e. the 10-nm conformation allows transcription. [33] Heterochromatin vs. euchromatin. During interphase (the period of the cell cycle where the cell is not dividing), two types of chromatin can be distinguished: Euchromatin, which consists of DNA that is active, e.g., being expressed as protein.

  5. File:Basic units of chromatin structure.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Basic_units_of...

    The four H3 and H4 subunits form a tightly packed tetramer that associates with two H2A/H2B dimers to form each octamer. About 147 bp of DNA is wrapped around the octamer to form a nucleosome. Nucleosomes can be arrayed in the loosely packed beads-on-a-string form of chromatin, but are generally more tightly packaged into the 30-nm fiber.

  6. Nucleosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleosome

    In contrast to most eukaryotic cells, mature sperm cells largely use protamines to package their genomic DNA, most likely to achieve an even higher packaging ratio. [17] Histone equivalents and a simplified chromatin structure have also been found in Archaea, [18] suggesting that eukaryotes are not the only organisms that use nucleosomes.

  7. Solenoid (DNA) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_(DNA)

    The solenoid structure can increase this to be 40 times smaller. [2] When DNA is compacted into the solenoid structure can still be transcriptionally active in certain areas. [7] It is the secondary chromatin structure that is important for this transcriptional repression as in vivo active genes are assembled in large tertiary chromatin ...

  8. Histone H2A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_H2A

    Histone H2A is one of the five main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. The other histone proteins are: H1, H2B, H3 and H4. The crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle consisting of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 core histones, and DNA. The view is from the top through the superhelical axis. Structure of ...

  9. Molecular models of DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_models_of_DNA

    The chemical structure of DNA is insufficient to understand the complexity of the 3D structures of DNA. In contrast, animated molecular models allow one to visually explore the three-dimensional (3D) structure of DNA. The DNA model shown (far right) is a space-filling, or CPK, model of the DNA double helix. Animated molecular models, such as ...