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The city could be split into two different sections: an upper "acropolis" or citadel and a "lower town". The lower town consisted of lower valued residential buildings located on the eastern side of the city, while the upper acropolis would be on the western side of the city which contained the higher value buildings and public buildings.
He created a lower town around the city on the citadel mound and founded hospitals and madrasahs. When Gökburi died in 1233 without an heir, control of Erbil shifted to the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustansir after he had besieged the city. [9] [12] When the Mongols invaded the Near East in the 13th century, they attacked Erbil for the first time in 1237.
The city is divided into two parts, the so-called Citadel and the Lower City. The Citadel – a mud-brick mound around 12 metres (39 ft) high – is known to have supported public baths, a large residential structure designed to house about 5,000 citizens, and two large assembly halls. The city had a central marketplace, with a large central well.
A citadel is the most fortified area of a town or city. It may be a castle , fortress , or fortified center. The term is a diminutive of city , meaning "little city", because it is a smaller part of the city of which it is the defensive core.
Troy VI–VII was a major Late Bronze Age city consisting of a steep fortified citadel and a sprawling lower town below it. It was a thriving coastal city with a considerable population, equal in size to second-tier Hittite settlements.
The upper and middle towns are flanked by steep ravines cut by the Zagnos (Iskeleboz) and Tabakhane (Kuzgun) streams to the west and east respectively, while the lower town extends to the west of Zagnos (see the plan on the right). The citadel. The Upper Town functioned as the citadel and as the acropolis of the city. It is believed that the ...
The Belgrade Fortress [2] [3] (Serbian Cyrillic: Београдска тврђава, romanized: Beogradska tvrđava, Hungarian: Nándorfehérvár), consists of the old citadel (Upper and Lower Town) and Kalemegdan Park [4] (Large and Little Kalemegdan) on the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, in an urban area of modern Belgrade, Serbia.
The Citadel is built on top of a large syncline on a rectangular field crossed across its width by three successive bastions (enclosures, or fronts) behind which extend three plazas. [4] The whole town is surrounded by walls covered by circular paths and punctuated by watchtowers and sentry posts.