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The outer edges of the diagram, the envelope, show the possible conditions that the aircraft can reach in straight and level flight. For instance, the aircraft described by the black altitude envelope on the right can fly at altitudes up to about 52,000 feet (16,000 m), at which point the thinner air means it can no longer climb.
A flight envelope diagram showing V S (Stall speed at 1G), V C (Corner/Maneuvering speed) and V D (Dive speed) Vg diagram. Note the 1g stall speed, and the Maneuvering Speed (Corner Speed) for both positive and negative g. The maximum “never-exceed” placard dive speeds are determined for smooth air only.
The aircraft Mach number at which these effects appear is known as its critical Mach number, or M CRIT. The true airspeed corresponding to the critical Mach number generally decreases with altitude. The flight envelope is a plot of various curves representing the limits of the aircraft's true airspeed and altitude. Generally, the top-left ...
The absolute ceiling and service ceiling diagram of an aircraft. With respect to aircraft performance, a ceiling is the maximum density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditions, as determined by its flight envelope.
Energy–maneuverability theory is a model of aircraft performance. It was developed by Col. John Boyd, a fighter pilot, and Thomas P. Christie, a mathematician with the United States Air Force, [1] and is useful in describing an aircraft's performance as the total of kinetic and potential energies or aircraft specific energy.
At 180 knots (333 km/h; 207 mph) level flight, it could enter a 1.4 g bank turn with the rotor in autorotation, increasing rotor rpm. [5] Airframe stress prevented rotor speed reduction and thus full flight envelope expansion. [5] The XH-59A had high levels of vibration and fuel consumption. [6] [3] The 106-hour test program for the XH-59A ...
Basic fighter maneuvers (BFM) are actions that a fighter aircraft makes during air combat maneuvering, historically known as dogfighting.The development of BFM began with the first fighter aircraft, during World War I, then continued with each following war, adapting to the changing weapons and technologies.
A United States Marine Corps F/A-18A Hornet engaged in air combat maneuvering training with IAI Kfir and F-5E Tiger II aggressors near Marine Corps Air Station Yuma in 1989. Air combat manoeuvring (ACM) is the tactic of moving, turning, and situating one's fighter aircraft in order to attain a position from which an attack can be made on another aircraft.