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A sort of warrior-apothecary, he took part in the Battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775. And "when Congress reorganized the Medical Department of the Army in 1777, Craigie became the first Apothecary General." [18] An engraving depicting an 18th-century chemical laboratory, from William Lewis' later work Commercium Philosophico-Technicum (mid-1760s)
In 1727, Elizabeth moved to Boston to open an apothecary shop. Though this was a role which had been exclusively performed by men, Massachusetts did not have any laws in place to prevent women from practicing. [4] This made her the only woman among the 32 apothecaries working in New England at the time. [3]
In the 15th century, the printing press spread medicinal textbooks and formularies; the Antidotarium was the first printed drug formulary. [3]: 30 In Europe pharmacy-like shops began to appear during the 12th century. In 1240 emperor Frederic II issued a decree by which the physician's and the apothecary's professions were separated. [16]
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1796: Edward Jenner administers the first smallpox vaccination; smallpox killed an estimated 400,000 Europeans each year during the 18th century, including five reigning monarchs. [23] 1796: War of the First Coalition: The Battle of Montenotte marks Napoleon Bonaparte's first victory as an army commander. 1796: The British eject the Dutch from ...
An American health dilemma: A medical history of African Americans and the problem of race: Beginnings to 1900 (Routledge, 2012). Deutsch, Albert. The mentally ill in America-A History of their care and treatment from colonial times (1937). Duffy, John. From Humors to Medical Science: A History of American Medicine (2nd ed. 1993) Duffy, John.
Apothecaries and physicians were usually considered more conservative in their practice before the 18th century and often restricted themselves to non-chemical drugs using material of largely botanical origins. Most historians today feel the show globe began as a symbol of the chemist's shop. Eventually the apothecaries began to use chemical ...
Women in 18th-century warfare; Timeline of women in the United States Navy; Timeline of women in warfare in Colonial America (1754–1783) Timeline of women in warfare in the United States before 1900 (1800s–1898) Women in warfare and the military in the 19th century; Timeline of notable women in World War I