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In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation is a chemical thermodynamical relationship that permits the calculation of the reduction potential of a reaction (half-cell or full cell reaction) from the standard electrode potential, absolute temperature, the number of electrons involved in the redox reaction, and activities (often approximated by concentrations) of the chemical species undergoing ...
The above equation is a modern statement of the theorem. Nernst often used a form that avoided the concept of entropy. [1] Graph of energies at low temperatures. Another way of looking at the theorem is to start with the definition of the Gibbs free energy (G), G = H - TS, where H stands for enthalpy.
For a cell reaction characterized by the chemical equation: O x + n e − ↔ R e d {\displaystyle Ox+ne^{-}\leftrightarrow Red} at constant temperature and pressure, the thermodynamic voltage (minimum voltage required to drive the reaction) is given by the Nernst equation :
The Nernst–Planck equation is a conservation of mass equation used to describe the motion of a charged chemical species in a fluid medium. It extends Fick's law of diffusion for the case where the diffusing particles are also moved with respect to the fluid by electrostatic forces. [1] [2] It is named after Walther Nernst and Max Planck.
The Nernst equation is a function of Q r and can be written as follows: ... it could explain the origin of the adjective formal in the expression formal potential.
Applying the Nernst Equation above, one may account for these differences by changes in relative K + concentration or differences in temperature. For common usage the Nernst equation is often given in a simplified form by assuming typical human body temperature (37 °C), reducing the constants and switching to Log base 10.
This type of cell will generate a potential that can be predicted by the Nernst equation. Both can undergo the same chemistry (although the reaction proceeds in reverse at the anode) Cu 2+ (aq) + 2 e − → Cu(s) Le Chatelier's principle indicates that the reaction is more favorable to reduction as the concentration of Cu 2+ ions increases ...
Nernst/Goldman Equation Simulator Archived 2010-08-08 at the Wayback Machine; Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equation Calculator; Nernst/Goldman interactive Java applet The membrane voltage is calculated interactively as the number of ions are changed between the inside and outside of the cell. Potential, Impedance, and Rectification in Membranes by ...