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The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), also known as the sand puppy, [6] is a burrowing rodent native to the Horn of Africa and parts of Kenya, notably in Somali regions. It is closely related to the blesmols and is the only species in the genus Heterocephalus .
The family Bathyergidae, or African mole-rats (including the well-known naked mole-rat), belong to the other major division of the rodents, the hystricomorphs. [ citation needed ] All the rhizomyines are bulky, slow-moving, burrowing animals, the Rhizomys species being the largest and stockiest.
Mole-rat or mole rat can refer to several groups of burrowing Old World rodents: Bathyergidae, a family of about 20 hystricognath species in six genera from Africa also called blesmols. Heterocephalus glaber, the naked mole-rat. Spalacidae, a family of about 30 muroid species in six genera from Eurasia and northeast Africa, including:
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It includes the blind mole-rats, bamboo rats, mole-rats, and zokors. This family represents the oldest split (excluding perhaps the Platacanthomyidae ) in the muroid superfamily, and comprises animals adapted to a subterranean way of life.
The common mole-rat, African mole-rat, or Hottentot mole-rat, (Cryptomys hottentotus) is a burrowing rodent found in Southern Africa, in particular in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It also occurs in Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It is a species in the subfamily Bathyerginae. [2]
Most species are solitary, but one species, the damaraland blesmol (Fukomys damarensis) is one of only two eusocial mammals, the other being the naked mole rat. [ citation needed ] These species are characterized by having a single reproductively active male and female in a colony where the remaining animals are sterile.