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No screening test is wholly specific, and a high level of tumor marker can still be found in benign tumors. The only tumor marker currently used in screening is PSA (prostate-specific antigen). Diagnostics; Tumor markers alone can't be used for diagnostic purposes, due to lack of sensitivity and specificity. [5]
Like any elevated tumor marker, elevated AFP by itself is not diagnostic, only suggestive. Tumor markers are used primarily to monitor the result of a treatment (e.g. chemotherapy). If levels of AFP go down after treatment, the tumor is not growing. In the case of babies, after treatment AFP should go down faster than it would normally. A ...
Elevated CEA levels should return to normal after successful surgical removal of the tumor and can be used in follow up, especially of colorectal cancers. [15] CEA elevation is known to be affected by multiple factors. It varies inversely with tumor grade; well-differentiated tumors secrete more CEA.
CA19-9 can be elevated in many types of gastrointestinal cancer, such as colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. [1] Apart from cancer, elevated levels may occur in pancreatitis, cirrhosis, [1] and diseases of the bile ducts. [1] [3] It can also be elevated in people with obstruction of the bile ducts. [3]
Examples of such prognostic biomarkers include elevated levels of metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1), a marker associated with more aggressive forms of multiple myeloma, [24] elevated estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) expression, markers associated with better overall survival in patients with breast cancer; [25] [26 ...
Tumor M2-PK is a synonym for the dimeric form of the pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (), a key enzyme within tumor metabolism.Tumor M2-PK can be elevated in many tumor types, rather than being an organ-specific tumor marker such as PSA.
One’s biological age, which measures the body’s physiological state, may help predict who is at risk for developing colon polyps, a known risk factor for colorectal cancer.
Yolk sac tumor [32] Other conditions associated with elevated AFP. Ataxia telangiectasia: elevated AFP is used as one factor in diagnosis [35] A peptide derived from AFP that is referred to as AFPep is claimed to possess anti-cancer properties. [36] In the treatment of testicular cancer it is paramount to differentiate seminomatous and ...
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