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The Stuart period of British history lasted from 1603 to 1714 during the dynasty of the House of Stuart. The period was plagued by internal and religious strife, and a large-scale civil war which resulted in the execution of King Charles I in 1649.
Lady Arbella Stuart (born 1575), daughter of Charles Stuart, Earl of Lennox, deceased younger son of Margaret Douglas, deceased daughter of Margaret Descendants of Henry VIII's younger sister, Mary, Duchess of Suffolk , were junior in terms of primogeniture, but were placed as heirs after Henry VIII's own descendants.
Charles Stuart, Prince of Wales: Heir apparent Son 29 May 1630 Born 30 January 1649 Proclaimed king Elizabeth, Electress Palatine 1630–1631, Aunt Mary Stuart 1631–1633, Sister James Stuart, Duke of York 1633–1649, Brother James Stuart, Duke of York: Heir presumptive Brother 30 January 1649 Brother proclaimed king: 6 February 1685 Became king
The Stuart Restoration was the reinstatement in May 1660 of the Stuart monarchy in England, Scotland, and Ireland. It replaced the Commonwealth of England , established in January 1649 after the execution of Charles I , with his son Charles II .
The House of Stewart (later Stuart) had ruled in Scotland since 1371. It followed strict rules of primogeniture. In 1503 King James IV married Margaret Tudor, a daughter of England's Henry VII, [14] which one hundred years later resulted in his great-grandson James VI inheriting the English Crown as well.
Queen Anne became monarch of the Kingdom of Great Britain after the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland on 1 May 1707. She had ruled England, Scotland, and the Kingdom of Ireland since 8 March 1702. She continued as queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death.
No monarch reigned after the 1649 execution of Charles I. Between 1649 and 1653, there was no single English head of state, as England was ruled directly by the Rump Parliament with the English Council of State acting as executive power during a period known as the Commonwealth of England.
Mary I of England had died without managing to have her preferred successor and first cousin, Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox, nominated by parliament.Margaret Douglas was a daughter of Margaret Tudor, and lived to 1578, but became a marginal figure in discussions of the succession to Elizabeth I, who at no point clarified the dynastic issues of the Tudor line. [4]