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Most modern mortar systems consist of four main components: a barrel, a base plate, a bipod and a sight. Modern mortars normally range in calibre from 60 mm (2.36 in) to 120 mm (4.72 in). However, both larger and smaller mortars have been produced. The modern mortar is a muzzle-loaded weapon and relatively simple to operate.
Albrecht Mortar German Empire: World War I 254: 10-inch siege mortar M. 1841 United States: 1841 254: 10-inch seacoast mortar M. 1841 United States: 1841 260: 26 cm Minenwerfer M 17 Austria-Hungary: World War I 320: 320 mm Type 98 mortar Japan: World War II: 325: Mortier de 12 Gribeauval Kingdom of France: 1781 330: 13-inch seacoast mortar M ...
M734 fuze cross section Amplifier (top) and oscillator. The M734 multi-option fuze [1] is a rangefinder and collision detection system used on 60 mm, 81 mm, and 120 mm mortar shells as a trigger to detonate the shells at the most damaging heights of burst when combating four types of battlefield threats:
Common shells on bursting (non-detonating) tended to break into relatively large fragments which continued along the shell's trajectory rather than laterally. They had some incendiary effect. In the late 19th century "double common shells" were developed, lengthened so as to approach twice the standard shell weight, to carry more powder and ...
At times, just after firing and just before impact, the trajectory is almost linear. If a radar observes the shell at two points in time just after launch, the line between those points can be extended to the ground and provides a highly accurate position of the mortar, more than enough for counter-battery artillery to hit it with ease.
The mortar had a firing pin in the bottom of the tube. When the shell was dropped down the tube, the firing pin struck the ignition cartridge in the shell's tail, detonating it. When the cartridge detonated, the explosive gases exited the base of the shell through two bleed holes. This propelled the shell out of the tube in an arc.
Ukraine has increased production of mortar shells from zero before Russia's invasion to millions per year now, but a global explosives shortage is constraining the push to ramp up the weapons ...
Reports of M240 mortar use became scarce after 2012, possibly because of depletion of munitions stock, but in 2015 and 2016 the exploded casings of two dozen rocket-assisted 3O8 240 mm shells were identified in the suburbs of Damascus, as well as in East Ghouta and Douma, accompanied by un-exploded O-10 fragmentation cluster munitions, which ...