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Different viruses can have different routes of transmission; for example, HIV is directly transferred by contaminated body fluids from an infected host into the tissue or bloodstream of a new host while influenza is airborne and transmitted through inhalation of contaminated air containing viral particles by a new host.
After the virus enters the body there is a period of rapid viral replication, leading to an abundance of virus in the peripheral blood. During primary infection, the level of HIV may reach several million virus particles per milliliter of blood. [2] This response is accompanied by a marked drop in the numbers of circulating CD4 + T cells.
HIV is a member of the genus Lentivirus, [15] part of the family Retroviridae. [16] Lentiviruses have many morphologies and biological properties in common. Many species are infected by lentiviruses, which are characteristically responsible for long-duration illnesses with a long incubation period. [17]
[5] [12] An HIV-positive person on treatment can expect to live a normal life, and die with the virus, not of it. [ 13 ] [ 12 ] Effective treatment for HIV-positive people (people living with HIV ) involves a life-long regimen of medicine to suppress the virus, making the viral load undetectable.
The term is variously used to refer to viral particles shedding from a single cell, from one part of the body into another, [2] and from a body into the environment, where the virus may infect another. [3] Vaccine shedding is a form of viral shedding which can occur in instances of infection caused by some attenuated (or "live virus") vaccines.
According to the Centers for Disease Control, Ebola on dry surfaces, such as doorknobs and countertops, can survive for several hours; however, the virus in body fluids (such as blood) can survive ...
The HIV capsid consists of roughly 2000 copies of the p24 protein. The p24 structure is shown in two representations: cartoon (top) and isosurface (bottom) The p24 capsid protein is the most abundant HIV protein with each virus containing approximately 1,500 to 3,000 p24 molecules. [ 1 ]
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