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Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA [1]) is any method of allowing a person in pain to administer their own pain relief. [2] The infusion is programmable by the prescriber. If it is programmed and functioning as intended, the machine is unlikely to deliver an overdose of medication. [3]
A study of 2,600 patients at two hospitals determined that between 26% and 60% of patients could not understand medication directions, a standard informed consent, or basic health care materials. [133] This mismatch between a clinician's level of communication and a patient's ability to understand can lead to medication errors and adverse outcomes.
[6] [7] Bryan Bledsoe, a physician and outspoken critic of the golden hour and other controversial medical topics, such as critical incident stress management, has said that the peer-reviewed medical literature does not demonstrate any "magical time" for saving critical patients. [8] There are different critical periods for different injuries. [9]
Invoked against colic in children, intestinal ailments and diseases, cramps and the pain of women in labour – Erasmus of Formiae (St Elmo) Convulsions, epilepsy, epileptics – Willibrord; Coughs, sneezes, and dropsy – Quentin [7] Invoked against cramps, afflictions associated with the nerves and ears – Cornelius
A philosophy of damage control orthopaedics (DCO) was proposed in 2000, [2] aiming to prevent early death in a critically wounded patient via stabilization and not definitive fixation, often with the use of external fixation systems. EAC was developed by Heather Vallier while at MetroHealth in Cleveland. [3]
Patients may need pain relievers to control pain. Other medications that are used to reduce pain include gabapentin , carbamazepine , or tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline . Whenever if possible, patients need to avoid or limit the use of medication to reduce the risk of side effects.
Damage control surgery is surgical intervention to keep the patient alive rather than correct the anatomy. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It addresses the "lethal triad" for critically ill patients with severe hemorrhage affecting homeostasis leading to metabolic acidosis , hypothermia , and increased coagulopathy .
Originally, only men could be patients of the colony, but after roughly one year of operation, superintendent Priddy allowed women into the colony who were diagnosed as feeble-minded. [ 4 ] [ 2 ] In accordance with the change in potential patients, the colony changed from its original name, the Virginia Colony for Epileptics to the Virginia ...