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In meteorology, the synoptic scale (also called the large scale or cyclonic scale) is a horizontal length scale of the order of 1,000 km (620 mi) or more. [1] This corresponds to a horizontal scale typical of mid-latitude depressions (e.g. extratropical cyclones ).
[2] Although relatively straightforward to measure (visually, for instance, by using a mirror [ 3 ] ), oktas only estimate cloud cover in terms of the area of the sky covered by clouds. They do not account for cloud type or thickness, and this limits their use for estimating cloud albedo or surface solar radiation receipt.
A surface weather analysis is a type of weather map that depicts positions for high and low-pressure areas, as well as various types of synoptic scale systems such as frontal zones. Isotherms can be drawn on these maps, which are lines of equal temperature. Isotherms are drawn normally as solid lines at a preferred temperature interval. [2]
A study published in Geophysical Research Letters in July 2023 on an extratropical cyclone in the Southern Ocean in October 2022 estimated that the cyclone reached a pressure of 899.91 hPa (26.574 inHg) while also estimate four other cyclones in the same region with pressures below or equal to 914 hPa (27.0 inHg).
Surface wind direction and speed is also forecast on this type of chart. Wave prognostic charts show the expected sea state at some future time. [2] Low-level prognostic charts used by aviators show the forecast between the Earth's surface and 24,000 feet (7,300 m) above sea level over the next two days.
Within the region a tropical cyclone is defined as being a non-frontal low-pressure system of synoptic scale that develops over warm waters, with a definite organized wind circulation and 10-minute sustained wind speeds of 34 kn (63 km/h; 39 mph) or greater near the centre. [28]
SYNOP (surface synoptic observations) is a numerical code (called FM-12 by WMO) used for reporting weather observations made by staffed and automated weather stations. SYNOP reports are typically sent every six hours by Deutscher Wetterdienst on shortwave and low frequency using RTTY .
The Todd Weather Folios are a collection of continental Australian synoptic charts that were published from 1879 to 1909. The charts were created by Sir Charles Todd's office at the Adelaide Observatory. In addition to the charts, the folios include clippings of newspaper articles and telegraphic and handwritten information about the weather.