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The original Eight Banners were thereafter referred to as the Manchu Eight Banners (Manchu: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡡᠰᠠ, manju gūsa; Chinese: 八旗滿洲; pinyin: bāqí mǎnzhōu; Mongolian: Манжийн Найман хошуу). Although still called the "Eight Banners" in name, there were now effectively twenty-four banner armies, eight ...
The term "Manchu" varies in meaning; various groups within the Eight Banners are considered Manchu. One definition of Manchu was the "Old Manchu" including the Aisin Gioro clan, of the original founding populations who spoke Manchu and who were the basis of the banner system. The Qing Empire relied most on this group.
Han Chinese Eight Banners (Chinese: 漢軍八旗; pinyin: hànjūn bāqí, Manchu: ᡠᠵᡝᠨ ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠᡳ ᡤᡡᠰᠠ [ 1 ] : 96 ), sometimes translated as Han-martial Eight Banners , [ 2 ] were one of the three divisions in the Eight Banners of the Qing dynasty .
The formation and growth of the Manchus has a close relationship with the absorption of the Han population. A large number of Han Chinese were incorporated into the Eight Banners, which effectively promoted the development of the Manchu. In 1644, after the Qing army entered the customs, the establishment of the Eight Banners was rapidly expanded.
The Plain Yellow Banner (Chinese: 正黃旗) was one of the Eight Banners of Manchu military and society during the Later Jin and Qing dynasty of China. The Plain Yellow Banner was one of three "upper" banner armies under the direct command of the emperor himself, and one of the four "right wing" banners. [1]
The Plain White Banner (Chinese: 正白旗; pinyin: Zhèng Bái Qí) was one of the Eight Banners of Manchu military and society during the Later Jin and Qing dynasty of China. It was one of the three "upper" banners ( Plain Yellow Banner , Bordered Yellow Banner , and Plain White Banner) directly controlled by the emperor, as opposed to the ...
The Bordered Yellow Banner (Chinese: 鑲黃旗) was one of the Eight Banners of Manchu military and society during the Later Jin and Qing dynasty of China. The Bordered Yellow Banner was one of three "upper" banner armies under the direct command of the emperor himself, and one of the four "left wing" banners. [1]
Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Qing, was the founding khan of the Jurchen-led Later Jin dynasty. [1]As the leader of the House of Aisin-Gioro, Nurhaci reorganized and united various Jurchen tribes (the later "Manchu"), consolidated the Eight Banners military system, and eventually launched attacks on both the Ming and Joseon ...