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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), also known as gamma-seminoprotein or kallikrein-3 (KLK3), P-30 antigen, is a glycoprotein enzyme encoded in humans by the KLK3 gene.PSA is a member of the kallikrein-related peptidase family and is secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland in men and the paraurethral glands in women.
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
Prostate cancer staging is the process by which physicians categorize the risk of cancer having spread beyond the prostate, or equivalently, the probability of being cured with local therapies such as surgery or radiation. Once patients are placed in prognostic categories, this information can contribute to the selection of an optimal approach ...
Because the cancer was caught extremely early at stage 1 , she made a full recovery and has been cancer-free for over 30 years. She continues to support biomedical research, including efforts to develop a reliable screening test for ovarian cancer. [80] She is an honorary board member of the National Organization of Italian American Women.
Unlike antigonadotropic antiandrogens like cyproterone acetate and GnRH analogues, bicalutamide does not suppress production of testosterone or estradiol and instead actually increases it [citation needed], which has an important involvement in the differential side-effect profiles of the medications. [citation needed]
In the case of women, mean circulating DHT levels have been found to be about 9 ng/dL (0.3 nmol/L) in premenopausal women and 3 ng/dL (0.1 nmol/L) in postmenopausal women. [5] There was no variation in DHT levels across the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women, which is in contrast to testosterone (which shows a peak at mid-cycle ). [ 5 ]
[64] [8] [136] [137] [135] Aside from men with prostate cancer, liver changes have also been observed in women treated with low doses of bicalutamide (10–50 mg/day) for scalp hair loss. [138] Rates of elevated liver enzymes have ranged from 2.9 to 11.4% in these studies, which spontaneously resolved in some women and necessitated ...
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