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Islamic calendar stamp issued at King Khalid International Airport on 10 Rajab 1428 AH (24 July 2007 CE). The Hijri calendar (Arabic: ٱلتَّقْوِيم ٱلْهِجْرِيّ, romanized: al-taqwīm al-hijrī), also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.
The Islamic prophet Muhammad said of these months in his Hadith: "The time has turned its form on the day God created the heavens and the earth, the twelve months, including four sanctuaries; three of them sequential: Dhul Qa'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah and Muharram, as well as Rajab Mudar, between Jumada and Sha'baan." [2]
The Islamic calendar is based on the synodic period of the Moon's revolution around the Earth, approximately 29 1 ⁄ 2 days. The Islamic calendar alternates months of 29 and 30 days (which begin with the new moon). Twelve of these months make up an Islamic year, which is 11 days shorter than the Gregorian year.
A year in the Islamic lunar calendar consists of twelve lunar months and has only 354 or 355 days in its year. Consequently, its New Year's Day occurs ten days earlier each year relative to the Gregorian calendar. The year 2025 CE corresponds to the Islamic years AH 1446 – 1447; AH 1446 corresponds to 2024 – 2025 in the Common Era. [a]
The Arabic names of the months of the Gregorian calendar are usually phonetic Arabic pronunciations of the corresponding month names used in European languages. An exception is the Assyrian calendar used in Iraq and the Levant, whose month names are inherited via Classical Arabic from the Babylonian and Aramaic lunisolar calendars and correspond to roughly the same time of year.
The Tabular Islamic calendar, a rule-based variation of the Islamic calendar. It has the same numbering of years and months, but the months are determined by arithmetical rules rather than by observation or astronomical calculations. In Iran The Solar Hijri calendar, whose year begins at the moment of the Spring equinox in the northern hemisphere.
9th month of the Islamic calendar 1 Ramadan April 24, 2020 First day of Ramadan Public holiday in Malaysia: 14 Ramadan May 7, 2020 Garangao: 15 Ramadan May 8, 2020 Gargee'an: 17 Ramadan May 10, 2020 Day of Nuzul Al-Quran Public holiday in Malaysia, this date is also celebrated in Indonesia. See also 22 Ramadan for alternative date. 19 Ramadan ...
In principle, each Islamic month begins with sighting of the new crescent moon (after a New Moon) at sunset. Because of this, the calendar is dependent on observational conditions and cannot be predicted or reconstructed with certainty, but tabular calendars are in use which determine the dates algorithmically. Because of this, dates may vary ...