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fgets: fgetws: Reads a byte/ wchar_t line from a file stream fputc putc: fputwc putwc: Writes a byte/ wchar_t to a file stream fputs: fputws: Writes a byte/ wchar_t string to a file stream getchar: getwchar: Reads a byte/ wchar_t from stdin gets — Reads a byte string from stdin until a newline or end of file is encountered (deprecated in C99 ...
sizeof can be used to determine the number of elements in an array, by dividing the size of the entire array by the size of a single element. This should be used with caution; When passing an array to another function, it will "decay" to a pointer type. At this point, sizeof will return the size of the pointer, not the total size of the array.
On POSIX systems, the file descriptor for standard input is 0 (zero); the POSIX <unistd.h> definition is STDIN_FILENO; the corresponding C <stdio.h> abstraction is provided via the FILE* stdin global variable. Similarly, the global C++ std::cin variable of type <iostream> provides an abstraction via C++ streams.
Most of the functions that operate on C strings are declared in the string.h header (cstring in C++), while functions that operate on C wide strings are declared in the wchar.h header (cwchar in C++). These headers also contain declarations of functions used for handling memory buffers; the name is thus something of a misnomer.
The operator sizeof yields a value of the type size_t. The maximum size of size_t is provided via SIZE_MAX, a macro constant which is defined in the <stdint.h> header (cstdint header in C++). size_t is guaranteed to be at least 16 bits wide. Additionally, POSIX includes ssize_t, which is a signed integer type of the same width as size_t.
In modern standard C++, a string literal such as "hello" still denotes a NUL-terminated array of characters. [1] Using C++ classes to implement a string type offers several benefits of automated memory management and a reduced risk of out-of-bounds accesses, [2] and more intuitive syntax for string comparison and concatenation. Therefore, it ...
prerr_endline str or Printf.eprintf format x ... F#: let x = System.Console.ReadLine() printf format x ... or printfn format x ... eprintf format x ... or eprintfn format x ... Standard ML: val str = TextIO.inputLIne TextIO.stdIn: print str: TextIO. output (TextIO. stdErr, str) Haskell x <- readLn or str <- getLine: print x or putStrLn str ...
The C++ Standard Library is based upon conventions introduced by the Standard Template Library (STL), and has been influenced by research in generic programming and developers of the STL such as Alexander Stepanov and Meng Lee. [4] [5] Although the C++ Standard Library and the STL share many features, neither is a strict superset of the other.