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Code::Blocks supports multiple compilers, including GCC, MinGW, Mingw-w64, Digital Mars, Microsoft Visual C++, Borland C++, LLVM Clang, Watcom, LCC and the Intel C++ compiler. Although the IDE was designed for the C++ language, there is some support for other languages, including Fortran and D. A plug-in system is included to support other ...
Often, bugs come about during coding, but faulty design documentation may cause a bug. In some cases, changes to the code may eliminate the problem even though the code then no longer matches the documentation. In an embedded system, the software is often modified to work around a hardware bug since it's cheaper than modifying the hardware.
Compiler optimizations and static code analysis techniques (such as FORTIFY_SOURCE, [51] a compiler directive that attempts to discover some buffer overflows) are applied to the code. These work on multiple representations, mostly the architecture-independent GIMPLE representation and the architecture-dependent RTL representation.
In computing, compiler correctness is the branch of computer science that deals with trying to show that a compiler behaves according to its language specification. [ citation needed ] Techniques include developing the compiler using formal methods and using rigorous testing (often called compiler validation) on an existing compiler.
A code sanitizer is a programming tool that detects bugs in the form of undefined or suspicious behavior by a compiler inserting instrumentation code at runtime. The class of tools was first introduced by Google's AddressSanitizer (or ASan) of 2012, which uses directly mapped shadow memory to detect memory corruption such as buffer overflows or accesses to a dangling pointer (use-after-free).
The optimization that removes unreachable code is known as dead code elimination. Code may become unreachable as a consequence of transformations performed by an optimizing compiler (e.g., common subexpression elimination). In practice the sophistication of the analysis has a significant impact on the amount of unreachable code that is detected.
Here is an example of ANSI C code that will generally cause a segmentation fault on platforms with memory protection. It attempts to modify a string literal, which is undefined behavior according to the ANSI C standard. Most compilers will not catch this at compile time, and instead compile this to executable code that will crash: