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  2. Arabic typography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_typography

    Some Arabic computer fonts are calligraphic, for example Arial, Courier New, and Times New Roman. They look as if they were written with a brush or oblong pen, akin to how serifs originated in stone inscriptionals. Other fonts, like Tahoma and Noto Sans Arabic, use a mono-linear style more akin to sans-serif Latin scripts. Monolinear means that ...

  3. DIN 31635 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIN_31635

    DIN 31635 is a Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) standard for the transliteration of the Arabic alphabet adopted in 1982. It is based on the rules of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (DMG) as modified by the International Orientalist Congress 1935 in Rome.

  4. Conjunction (grammar) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_(grammar)

    In grammar, a conjunction (abbreviated CONJ or CNJ) is a part of speech that connects words, phrases, or clauses, which are called its conjuncts. That description is vague enough to overlap with those of other parts of speech because what constitutes a "conjunction" must be defined for each language .

  5. History of the Arabic alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Arabic_alphabet

    The Nabataean alphabet was designed to write 22 phonemes, but Arabic has 28 consonant phonemes; thus, when used to write the Arabic language, 6 of its letters must each represent two phonemes: t ت also represented ṯ ث . ħ ح also represented ḵ خ , d د also represented ḏ ذ , ṣ ص also represented ḍ ض ,

  6. Arabic script - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_script

    The Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic (Arabic alphabet) and several other languages of Asia and Africa. It is the second-most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world (after the Latin script ), [ 2 ] the second-most widely used writing system in the world by number of countries using it, and the third-most by number ...

  7. Waw (letter) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waw_(letter)

    A mace was a ceremonial stick or staff, similar to a scepter, perhaps derived from weapons or hunting tools. In Modern Hebrew, the word וָו vav is used to mean both "hook" and the letter's name (the name is also written וי״ו), while in Syriac and Arabic, waw to mean "hook" has fallen out of use.

  8. The Ottoman Turkish language differs from the above languages in that, since 1928, words that were once written with a Persian-influenced version of the Arabic abjad have been written using the Latin alphabet. As such, there is a long established set of standards for writing the language in a basic transcription; however, in a strict ...

  9. Arabic grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_grammar

    A rough rule for word-stress in Classical Arabic is that it falls on the penultimate syllable of a word if that syllable is closed, and otherwise on the antepenultimate. [ 12 ] Hamzat al-waṣl ( هَمْزة الوَصْل ), elidable hamza , is a phonetic object prefixed to the beginning of a word for ease of pronunciation, since Literary ...