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Wagyu (Japanese: 和牛, Hepburn: wagyū, lit. ' Japanese cattle ') is the collective name for the four principal Japanese breeds of beef cattle. All wagyū cattle originate from early twentieth-century cross-breeding between native Japanese cattle and imported stock, mostly from Europe. [1]: 5
The Japanese Polled (Japanese: 無角和種, Mukaku Washu) is a critically-endangered breed of small Japanese beef cattle.It is one of six native Japanese cattle breeds, [2] and one of the four Japanese breeds known as wagyū, the others being the Japanese Black, the Japanese Brown and the Japanese Shorthorn.
The Japanese Shorthorn (Japanese: 日本短角種, Nihon Tankaku Washu) is a breed of small Japanese beef cattle.It is one of six native Japanese cattle breeds, [2] and one of the four Japanese breeds known as wagyū, the others being the Japanese Black, the Japanese Brown and the Japanese Polled.
Kobe beef (神戸ビーフ, Kōbe bīfu) is Wagyu beef from the Tajima strain of Japanese Black cattle, raised in Japan's Hyōgo Prefecture around Kobe city, according to rules set out by the Kobe Beef Marketing and Distribution Promotion Association. [1] The meat is a delicacy, valued for its flavour, tenderness and fatty, well-marbled texture.
This is a list of the cattle breeds considered in Japan to be wholly or partly of Japanese origin. Some may have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Japanese.
The Madura breed of Indonesia may have banteng in its parentage. [3] In addition to these fertile hybrids, there are sterile hybrids such as the male Dzo of Nepal, a cattle-yak hybrid which is bred for agricultural work - like the mule and the hinny , they have to be continually bred from both of the parent species.
In 1960 the total breed population was reported to be over 1 800 000; [6]: 23 in 2008 it was reported as about 707 000. [3] In 1999, the Japanese Black constituted approximately 93% of the national beef herd. [7]: 17
The principal foreign influences on the breed were from the British Devon, Korean Hanwoo and Swiss Simmental cattle breeds. [4]: 8 In 1960 the total breed population was reported to be over 525 000. [4]: 23 In 1978 it was reported as 72 000, and in 2008 it was 18 672. [1] The Japanese Brown constitutes about 4.8% of the national beef herd.