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The third book would discuss politics and religion, while the fourth book was concerned with "private ethics" or "practical morality". The following passage, taken from the first two paragraphs of the opening verse of the second epistle, is often quoted by those familiar with Pope's work, as it neatly summarizes some of the religious and ...
The Pope called upon Lothaire to assist in countering the claims of Roger II of Sicily, who posed a threat to papal territories. [6] On February 1, 1130, Pope Innocent II was elected, but some of the cardinals elected an antipope, Cardinal Pierleoni, who took the name of Anacletus II. Threatened by Anaclet's schism, which lasted 8 years ...
Pope Alexander II (1010/1015 – 21 April 1073), born Anselm of Baggio, [1] was the head of the Roman Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1061 to his death in 1073. Born in Milan , Anselm was deeply involved in the Pataria reform movement.
Western Christians were allowed to visit the sacred places in the Holy Land. In 1063, Pope Alexander II had given his blessing to Iberian Christians in their wars against the Muslims, granting both a papal standard, the vexillum sancti Petri, and an indulgence to those killed in battle. Both sides of the Investiture Controversy tried to marshal ...
Sir Balaam, by contrast, is a religious, sober (but parsimonious) tradesman of the City of London where ‘London’s column, pointing at the skies Like a tall bully, lifts its head and lyes’. (ll. 339-40) - Pope’s famous attack on the blame falsely cast on Catholics for starting the Great Fire of London by the inscription on The Monument.
In 1066, William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England with the blessing of Pope Alexander II. The pope also ordered English clergy to submit to William's authority. [38] Control over the church was an important element in the Norman conquest of England. In 1070, two papal legates arrived in England to oversee the reform of the church.
The first version – the "three-book" Dunciad – was published in 1728 anonymously. The second version, the Dunciad Variorum, was published anonymously in 1729.The New Dunciad, in a new fourth book conceived as a sequel to the previous three, appeared in 1742, and The Dunciad in Four Books, a revised version of the original three books and a slightly revised version of the fourth book with ...
Woodcut of a medieval king investing a bishop with the symbols of office, Philip Van Ness Myers, 1905. The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest (German: Investiturstreit, pronounced [ɪnvɛstiˈtuːɐ̯ˌʃtʁaɪt] ⓘ) was a conflict between the Church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to choose and install bishops (investiture) [1] and abbots of monasteries and the ...