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The chemical reaction is the same as the total cholesterol measurement, except that the enzymes are blocked from acting on non-HDL lipoproteins by the reagent and their own PEG tails. [8] From these three data LDL may be calculated. According to Friedewald's equation: [9] [LDL] = [Total cholesterol] − [HDL] − [Triglycerides] / 5
The remainder of the serum cholesterol after subtracting the HDL is the non-HDL cholesterol. The concentration of these other components, which may cause atheroma, is known as the non-HDL-C. This is now preferred to LDL-C as a secondary marker as it has been shown to be a better predictor and it is more easily calculated. [10]
A blood sample after 12-hours of fasting is taken by a healthcare professional from an arm vein to measure a lipid profile for a) total cholesterol, b) HDL cholesterol, c) LDL cholesterol, and d) triglycerides. [3] [106] Results may be expressed as "calculated", indicating a calculation of total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides. [3]
In clinical context, mathematically calculated estimates of LDL-C are commonly used as an estimate of how much low density lipoproteins are driving progression of atherosclerosis. The problem with this approach is that LDL-C values are commonly discordant with both direct measurements of LDL particles and actual rates of atherosclerosis ...
Remnant cholesterol is composed primarily of VLDL, IDL and chylomicron remnants. Remnant cholesterol, also known as remnant lipoprotein and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol is an atherogenic lipoprotein composed primarily of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) with chylomicron remnants.
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The name "VAP test" uses a technology, the vertical auto profile, to measure and report risk factors for patients who are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease that are not captured by routine cholesterol testing. Its accuracy is unaffected by triglycerides and can be performed in a non-fasting state.
The liver converts unburned food metabolites into very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and secretes them into plasma where they are converted to intermediate-density lipoproteins(IDL), which thereafter are converted to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and non-esterified fatty acids, which can affect other body cells.