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Glipizide, sold under the brand name Glucotrol among others, is an anti-diabetic medication of the sulfonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes. [1] [2] It is used together with a diabetic diet and exercise. [1] [2] It is not indicated for use by itself in type 1 diabetes. [1] [2] It is taken by mouth.
In those already taking sulphonylureas, there is an increased risk of low blood sugar when taking a medicine in the DPP-4 drug class. [19]Adverse effects include nasopharyngitis, headache, nausea, heart failure, hypersensitivity and skin reactions.
Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2), and works by increasing sugar loss in urine. [2] Empagliflozin was approved for medical use in the United States and in the European Union in 2014. [13] [23] [24] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [25]
The researchers compared these patient records to those of patients taking sitagliptin, empagliflozin, or glipizide, which are commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes.
Empagliflozin, approved in the United States in August 2014, under the brand name Jardiance by Boehringer Ingelheim. [30] Of the gliflozins, empagliflozin and tofogliflozin have the highest specificity for SGLT2 inhibition. [1] This oral medicine for type 2 diabetes has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death. [31]
C-glucosides that have heterocyclic ring at the distal ring or proximal ring are better when it comes to anti-diabetic effect and physicochemical features all together. [ 3 ] [ 20 ] C-glucoside bearing thiazole at the distal ring on canagliflozin has shown good physicochemical properties that can lead to a clinical development, but still has ...
Empagliflozin/metformin was approved for use in the European Union in May 2015. [6] Empagliflozin/metformin was approved for use in the United States in August 2015. [9] [14] The extended release version was approved for use in the United States in December 2016. [15] [16] Empagliflozin/metformin was approved for use in Australia in May 2020. [2]
Drugs used in diabetes treat types of diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood.With the exception of insulin, most GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, exenatide, and others), and pramlintide, all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents.